- 9/4/2024
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What are sensors?
With the development of the automotive industry, cars are equipped with many advanced systems that help the car work as required, and since most of the systems in cars today are electronic systems, they are equipped with sensors to monitor their work and inform the driver in case of an issue.
The sensors in the car detect issues that may occur in any system, then transmit the issue data to the central control unit or the car's computer for analysis, then the computer gives a command to inform the driver about the existence of this issue in order to solve it as soon as possible, and sometimes the computer works automatically to solve the issue, even initially, until the driver finds a permanent solution to it.
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Types of the most important sensors in the car
The following are the most important sensors in the car:
Engine air temperature sensor
This sensor works to monitor the temperature of the air that enters the engine, in order to ensure that the mixture of air and fuel that will enter it is correct and within the appropriate calibrations so that the combustion process occurs without issues, and this sensor checks the temperature of the air entering through the suction pipe and then sends the data to the engine control unit.
Coolant temperature sensor
This sensor measures the temperature of the coolant that is inside the engine and in the cooling system, and if it notices that the temperature of the liquid is high, it sends the information to the electronic control unit or car computer before the engine is damaged due to excessive heat, then the computer works to warn the driver by displaying the high temperature of the engine in the dashboard in red to take the necessary measures as soon as possible and determine the cause of the high temperature.
Oxygen sensor
The oxygen sensor in the car determines the level of oxygen in the gases that come out of the exhaust after the combustion process and compares it to the level of oxygen that entered the engine, and this sensor helps determine whether the engine receives a sufficient ratio of fuel and air or not, and the correct ratio of oxygen versus fuel indicates that the emission control system and exhaust system are working properly, and that the engine is working efficiently.
Engine oil level sensor
As its name implies, this sensor measures the engine oil level so that it must be within the normal range, and if it notices a low oil level, it shows the oil mark in the instrument panel, and this sensor is very important; because too little oil leads to overheating of the engine to the point of stopping the engine completely due to friction between parts.
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Fuel temperature sensor
The fuel sensor checks whether the temperature of the fuel entering the tank is within the ideal or normal temperature or not, then sends data to the ECU to evaluate and analyze the situation, then sends commands to increase or decrease the amount of fuel pumping according to the temperature read by the sensor.
Fuel tank pressure sensor
This sensor measures the fuel pressure in the fuel tank and detects any leakage or any imbalance in the correct amount of pressure, as any fuel leakage will affect the pressure inside the tank, and excessive fuel pressure will cause an imbalance in the air-to-fuel ratio.
Air flow sensor
This sensor measures the amount of air entering the engine, then sends the data to the ECU to calculate fuel injection ratios and spark timing for better combustion, as any imbalance in the amount of air entering the engine will lead to an imbalance in the combustion process and engine operation.
Throttle sensor
The function of this sensor is to follow the amount of fuel and air entering the engine during the combustion process, and it works to determine the angle of opening the throttle while pressing the gas pedal, and then sends readings to the ECU about the amount of air and fuel mixture that the engine needs to work efficiently.
Vehicle speed sensor
The speed sensor reads the speed of the car's wheels, and after sending the readings to the computer, it works to change the brake pattern, vehicle speed, air intake, air-to-fuel ratio and other parameters to ensure safe driving while keeping the engine running properly.
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Tire pressure sensor
The tire pressure monitoring sensor measures the amount of air in each tire and monitors it to be within the correct caliber, and if you notice that one or more tires have low air pressure, it shows a TPMS sign to let the driver know that they need to be refilled with air.
Airbag sensor
Airbag sensors measure the severity of a collision from all sides, and based on the severity of the impact, the sensors give commands to deploy the airbags inside the vehicle from the side that was hit to protect the driver and passengers.
Engine component sensors
Modern car engines contain many sensors for their internal parts such as the camshaft, crankshaft, Knock Sensor and several other sensors responsible for the engine's work in order to ensure optimal performance and fuel consumption.
Sensors for safety and driver assistance systems
Modern cars contain many sensors and radars that work with many safety and driver assistance systems to provide full protection for the driver and passengers, and to help the driver drive the car efficiently and safely in various conditions, including these sensors: Front and rear parking sensors, blind spot sensors, pedestrian tracking sensors, cruise control sensor, rear collision protection sensor and many other sensors that exist to provide the greatest amount of protection and safety for everyone.
