- 7/8/2024
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With the spread of electric cars around the world, questions about them have become more frequent by owners and those interested in buying them, and one of the most common questions is why the energy consumption in electric cars differs in cold or hot weather as for the energy consumption in cold weather, as for the impact of hot weather on electric cars, you will learn about it below.
The first reason is that the batteries in electric cars perform poorly in hot weather because high temperatures cause the electrons in the battery to move more slowly, which reduces the amount of energy available in it.
The second reason is that electric cars do not rely on the gasoline engine for cooling or heat distribution because they are not equipped with it in the first place, so the lack of a gasoline engine means there is no effective way to cool the battery, which can lead to overheating and reduce the range it normally provides.
Several studies have indicated that the ideal temperatures for electric cars are between 20 and 24 °C, Anything less or more than this will affect the battery, which will reduce the amount of energy stored in it and the process of charging it with electricity, thus draining the energy from it faster and the range will become less.
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The effect of heat on electric cars
As for the effect of high temperatures on electric cars, it is as follows:
Range and speed limitation
Most electric cars have a speed limitation system and charging range in case the battery or electric motor overheats, and there are cars that will not allow you to accelerate to a certain speed to avoid raising the temperature more than it is and causing damage to an expensive component.
Battery efficiency
High temperatures can accelerate the chemical reactions that occur inside the battery, this will increase its internal resistance and decrease its efficiency, which will be reflected in the driving range and charging speed.
Extra strain on the cooling system
Electric cars contain cooling systems in order to maintain the ideal temperature of the battery, and when temperatures rise too much, it will generate additional effort on the cooling system in order to cool the battery and its components, and this will affect energy consumption, efficiency, and driving range.
Increased load on the air conditioning system
It is known that as the heat increases, the burden on the air conditioning system will increase in order to cool the air and transport it to the inside of the car, the air conditioning system in electric cars consumes a fair amount of energy, and as the temperature rises, its consumption will increase more and more, which leads to a reduction in the driving range and a decrease in the coldness that it used to produce in moderate temperatures.
Slowing down the charging process
When recharging the car battery, the energy will be transferred from the source through the charger wire to the components of the charging system and then to the battery, and when the external temperature rises a lot, the charging process and energy transfer to the battery will become slower than usual due to the slow transfer of charges and ions inside the battery, so you will notice that the charging process will take longer in very high and very low temperatures as well.
Limit fast charging capacity
When the temperature is high while charging the battery on the fast charger, its temperature will rise more than normal, and here the charging management system will intervene to stop or limit the speed of the fast charger so that the battery does not heat up more and more, so charging will be slower.
Reduced lifespan of some components
High temperatures may reduce the life of some electric car components such as the battery, electric motor, charging system and tires, and the higher the temperatures, the greater the corrosion, so try not to expose your electric car to high temperatures too much to preserve it, especially the battery and electric motor.
Battery failure
If the electric car battery is exposed to high temperatures continuously, it will end up damaged due to the deterioration of the internal battery cells, which will reduce the overall battery life, capacity, and range it will offer over time.
